The term mujahideen ( Arabic: مجاهدين) is used in a religious context by Muslims to refer those engaged in a struggle of any nature for the sake of Islam, commonly referred to as jihad ( جهاد). The Afghan mujahideen were the various armed Islamist rebel groups that fought together against both the Soviet Union and the government of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan during the Soviet–Afghan War and the subsequent First Afghan Civil War. 1965–66 Indonesia, Transition to the New Order.1959–2000 assassination attempts on Fidel Castro.